Friday, April 10, 2009

Anne Boleyn and America

[In 1525, Henry VIII became enamoured of Anne and began his pursuit of her. Anne resisted the King's attempts to seduce her and refused to become his mistress, as her sister, Mary Boleyn, had done. It soon became the one absorbing object of the King's desires to secure an annulment from his wife, Catherine of Aragon, so he could marry Anne. When it became clear that Pope Clement VII was unlikely to give Henry an annulment, the breaking of the power of the Roman Catholic Church in England began... The last straw for Henry came in 1533, when Thomas More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England... Following the coronation of her daughter, Elizabeth, as queen, Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation, particularly through the works of John Foxe. Over the centuries, she has inspired or been mentioned in numerous artistic and cultural works. As a result, she has retained her hold on the popular imagination. Anne has been called "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had,"[2] since she provided the occasion for Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragon, and declare his independence from Rome. Anne Boleyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]

[Church of England - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Church of England understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed: [3]
Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic and later mediæval church. This is expressed in its strong emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, in particular as formalised in the Apostolic, Nicene and Athanasian creeds. [4]
Reformed to the extent that it has been influenced by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th century
Protestant Reformation... The English church was under papal authority for nearly a thousand years, before separating from Rome in 1534 during the reign of King Henry VIII. A theological separation had been foreshadowed by various movements within the English church such as Lollardy, but the English Reformation gained political support when Henry VIII wanted an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon so he could marry Anne Boleyn. Under pressure from Catherine's nephew, the Emperor Charles V, Pope Clement VII refused the annulment. Eventually, Henry, although theologically a doctrinal Catholic, took the position of Supreme Head of the Church of England to ensure the annulment of his marriage. He was excommunicated by Pope Paul III[6].]

[The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is a
book written by Max Weber, a German economist and sociologist, in 1904 and 1905 that began as a series of essays. The original edition was in German and has been released.
Weber wrote that
capitalism evolved when the Protestant (particularly Calvinist) ethic influenced large numbers of people to engage in work in the secular world, developing their own enterprises and engaging in trade and the accumulation of wealth for investment. In other words, the Protestant ethic was a force behind an unplanned and uncoordinated mass action that influenced the development of capitalism. This idea is also known as "the Weber thesis".]

Of many masons of capitalism, Anne Boleyn is surely one. [TNM]

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